What Is Gout and How To Treat It

Gout is a common but extremely painful type of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid in the body, which forms tiny crystals that settle in the joints. This results in agonising pain, most famously in the big toe.

The good news is that, while gout can be dramatic, it’s also very manageable. With the right treatment, most people can reduce attacks and protect their joints in the long run.

FUN FACT: Henry VIII suffered from gout. As result it became a mark of high social status.

What Actually Causes Gout?

Gout develops when there’s too much uric acid in the blood. This can happen for a few reasons:

• Everyday body chemistry: Uric acid is produced naturally when the body breaks down substances called purines.

• Kidney function: Normally, uric acid is filtered out by the kidneys. If they don’t clear enough or if the body produces too much, the uric acid levels rise.

• Diet and lifestyle: Alcohol, sugary drinks, and certain foods can push levels higher, but they’re only part of the story. Most uric acid comes from inside the body, not just what you eat.

Although anyone can get gout, it’s more common in men and tends to appear later in life.

What Does a Gout Attack Feel Like?

A gout attack often comes out of nowhere, frequently striking at night. Typical symptoms include:

• Sudden, intense pain in a joint (most often the big toe)

• Redness, heat, and swelling

• Skin that looks shiny and feels tight

• Pain that peaks within hours and may last up to a week if untreated

If it’s your first attack or if you develop a fever or feel generally unwell it’s important to seek medical advice, as joint infections need to be ruled out.

How Is Gout Treated?

During an attack, doctors usually prescribe anti-inflammatory medication, such as NSAIDs. If these don’t help, steroids may be used to calm the inflammation.

For people who have repeated attacks or consistently high uric acid levels, long-term medication can lower uric acid and prevent future flares. These medicines only work if taken regularly even when you’re feeling fine, so sticking with them is essential.

What You Can Do During a Flare-Up

Alongside medication, a few simple steps can help ease the pain:

• Rest the joint and keep it raised

• Use an ice pack for up to 20 minutes at a time

• Drink plenty of water

• Avoid pressure from shoes, bedding, or tight clothing

These won’t cure an attack, but they can make it far more bearable while treatment kicks in.

Living Well with Gout

Left untreated, gout can become more frequent and eventually damage joints. But with proper treatment, sensible lifestyle choices, and regular check-ups, most people keep it well under control.

In short: gout may be painful, but it doesn’t have to take over your life. With the right approach, you can stay active, comfortable, and confident about managing it.